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Geology explores the Earth's structure, composition, and processes. By studying rocks, minerals, and fossils, geologists can reconstruct the history of our planet and predict future geological events. This knowledge is essential for natural disaster preparedness, resource management, and environmental protection.

Biotechnology is at the forefront of medical and agricultural innovation. Techniques such as CRISPR gene editing allow precise modifications to DNA, opening the door to new treatments for genetic disorders and the development of enhanced crops. Biotechnology is also driving advancements in biofuels and bioplastics, contributing to sustainability efforts.

Environmental science has become increasingly important as we face global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss. Research in this field helps us understand the impact of human activities on ecosystems and develop strategies for sustainable development. Studies on renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are crucial for transitioning to a low-carbon economy and mitigating the effects of global warming.